An empirical study conducted by the authors has established a statistically reliable correlation between two indices of the cognitive style - field dependence and a low level of differentiation - and disruption of the integrity of the gender identity structure. The established disruptions of gender identity have been compared with the phenomenon of "diffuse self-identity" discussed earlier in connection with personality disorders. The findings are discussed in the context of Vygotski's cultural historical theory and a modern version of the psychoanalytical theory of object relations.