Methodological, theoretical and biographical aspects of L. S. Vygotsky and A. R. Luria contacts are shown. Their interrelations, A. R. Luria part in cultural-historical theory formation and L. S. Vygotsky's influence on A. R. Luria's scientific experimental work (genesis and disintegration of psychic functions in children; cross-cultural study of social factors in cognitive processes' formation in adults; neuro-psychological analysis of brain organization of higher psychic functions) are described. The main methodological and theoretical positions uniting L. S. Vygotsky and A. R. Luria are demonstrated and high productivity of L. S. Vygotsky's ideas and their creative development by A. R. Luria are shown.