For the author musical abilities are emotional-motor and not auditory in nature. Their development therefore requires conditions which are characterized by purposeful and simultaneous promotion of all corresponding structural components; thus it must be problem-oriented. An important principle of promotion of musical abilities consists in establishing the type of musicality of a child and consequent selection of corresponding instructional methods. They are: conducting, harmonizing, composing, playing in an ensemble, musical playing-dramatizing, listening and active analysis of music, improvizing.