SUMMARIES
L.S. Vygotsky's concept's logical-semantic analysis:
Behavior forms systematics and the laws of higher psychic functions development
Terminological system of L.S.Vygotsky's concept
is logically-semantically analyzed. As a result general structure and thesaurus
of concept is found out as well as a number of conceptual controversies. The means to deal with the latter are
offered. It is argued that the higher psychic functions development was
described by L.S. Vygotsky by the complex of four laws. L.S. Vygotsky's concept
is a complex one and needs further investigation.
N.S. Leytes
The author reviews those A.S.Pushkin's works
where children are mentioned. It is shown that brief Pushkin's drawings depict
exact age-specific features. Child's perception, imagination, activity were
congenial for the poet. Pushkin's attitude to children demonstrates his
humanistic and bright outlook.
Learning problems in schoolchildren:
Psychoneurological and neuropsychological study
N.N. Zavadenko, A.S. Petrukhin, N.Yu. Suvorinova,
T.Yu. Uspenskaya, N.G. Manelis, T.Kh. Borisova
The developmental disorders of higher cerebral
functions are often found in children with behavioral and learning
difficulties. Psycho-neurological and neuropsychological assessment of 537
primary public school pupils (300 boys, 237 girls) aged 7-10 years reveals
definite learning and behavioral problems in 31,6 % of schoolchildren. Children
suffering minimal cerebral dysfunction (MCD) lag in the development of some
higher cerebral functions, e.g. praxis, gnosis, language, memory and attention
and have difficulties in mastering writing, reading or arithmetic skills along
with behavioral problems. The most common form of MCD is represented by
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which is diagnosed in 7,6
cases. Both MCD and ADHD are more prevalent in boys than in girls.
E.S. Ermakova
The structure of preschoolers' thinking
flexibility is discussed. The author considers its development as connected to
image means of thinking activity - dialectic factors. The ways of thinking
flexibility development are offered: dramatic plays with a plot depicting
dialectic transformations.
Smoking prevention: The role and place of psychologist
A.A. Alexandrov, V.Yu. Alexandrova
Smoking situation in schoolchildren is outlined
and different models of smoking prevention are discussed. Psychological and
social conditions of this harmful habit emergence are described. The necessity
of psychologists' participation in smoking prevalence and treatment is
stressed.
I.A. Voloshina, O.V. Galitsina, V.A. Grebennikov, T.A.
Znakova
The problem of psychological assistance for
unemployed by State service is discussed.
The results of experimental study of efficacy of club work for such a
goal are presented. The dynamics of personal parameters and new employment
statistical data show the efficacy of the program.
Social-psychological training by means of business
play
S.E. Borisova
The possibilities of social-psychological
training by means of business play are discussed. It can be used for the
development of professional skills in different situations and for correction
of professional behavior. Methodical advises for training manager are offered.
From levels of processing to stratification of
cognition
B.M. Velichkovsky
The article is devoted to the classical problem
of differentiating levels of cognitive processes in humans. The new data on the
nature of levels-of-processing effects known from investigation of memory are
analyzed. As additional sources of evidence, the information of brain-imaging
studies as well as the detailed analysis of temporal and spatial parameters of
eye movements are used. All three lines of investigation bring about partially
converging results what is considered as a proof of the hierarchical
organization of human cognitive activity.
A.V. Kurgansky
Perspectives of voluntary movements
mathematical modeling in the framework of N. Bern-stein's views on functional
nature of action are discussed. Cognitivistic vs synergetic approaches are
compared for two classes of movements - aiming and rhythmic. Modern practice of
cognitive approach based on structure concept does not make it possible to
explain the fact of movement emergence. On the other hand self-organizational
theory tends to ignore the structural features of movement and has to borrow
the concept of structural information-specific boundary conditions from
cognitivistic domain. The author argues that two approaches are complementary
and makes the attempt to unify them.
M.I. Lisina's communication concept and its
significance for Russian psychology
E.O. Smirnova
M.I. Lisina scientific concept and the main
trends of her studies are analyzed, especially those underlining the influence
of communication on various sides of psychic development. The perspectives of
M.I. Lisina's scientific school are discussed.
E. Gassin
Forgiveness has long had a prominent place in theological and ethical
systems. Current psychological theory about and research on interpersonal
forgiveness further suggests that forgiveness is an important part of both
mental and physical health. Both forgiver and offender benefit when genuine
forgiveness is offered with love and accepted with humility and gratitude. Although professionals in psychology cannot
force clients to be merciful, practitioners will be assisting individuals and
society if they promote understanding of what authentic forgiveness is and
encourage others to practice this virtue.