SUMMARIES
Psychological trends of
teacher's interpersonal contradictions
Teacher's interpersonal contradictions are considered to be motive
powers of professional development. Typology of interpersonal contradictions is
based on adequacy of their realization and on direction of their solution.
There are four types of interpersonal contradictions: 1) adequate realization -
constructive solution; 2) adequate realization - destructive solution; 3)
inadequate realization - constructive solution; 4) inadequate realization -
destructive solution. Psychological analysis of each type allows to work out
and apply concrete programs of teacher's professional development correction.
10-12-year-olds: "No
man's land" in developmental psychology
G.A. Tsukerman
The goal of the review of studies in 10-12-year-olds is to solve
practical problem of optimal conditions of education for them. The data are
controversial. 10-12-year-olds are different from junior schoolchildren but at
the same time they need gradual environmental changes for non-traumatic
transition from junior schoolchild's state to adolescence. The author argues
that the principal motive power for such a transition in psychic development is
reflection. The reflection serves child's self-consciousness, child's ability
for self-development. It must be taken into account when the problem of
individualisation in learning activity is considered.
Ethnical self-consciousness
formation in the course of higher education
V.Yu. Khotinets
The author determines the ethnical self-consciousness as comparatively
stable system of realized opinions on existing ethno-differentiating and
ethno-integrating signs of ethno-cultural environment. As a result of such a
system formation the person considers oneself to be a subject of ethnical
community. The author compares the data of experimental studies on ethnical
self-consciousness in Russian and in Udmurtian students and comes to the
conclusion that the development and formation of ethnic self-consciousness is
an important condition of ethnic individuality development. The author
considers the creation of favourable conditions for the formation and
development of ethnical self-consciousness to be an important goal for
educative system.
Longitude study of
generalized cognitive characteristics in twins
N.M. Zyryanova
The author analyses the correlation between the most generalized
characteristics of cognitive activity - intelligence and image-visual thinking
and investigates the changes in these correlation during age-specific
development. Special attention is paid to the role of genotypic factors
deter-mining such changes. The results of phenotypic and genetic correlation
analysis show that image-visual characteristics at pre-school and junior school
age are predictive for later levels of intelligence development.
Popular and rejected
pre-schoolers' attitude to peers
E.O. Smirnova, E.V.
Kalyagina
Different aspects of communication competence (cognitive, behavioral and
emotional) were compared in two samples of 5-6-year-old children - popular and
rejected ones. The results show that there are no differences in social status,
general intelligence and communicative activity between the samples. The main
differences were found in emotional characteristics. Popular children as
compared to rejected ones demonstrate empathy, attention to peer's actions, and
helping behavior. Rejected children demonstrate mainly aggressive or
indifferent attitude towards peers.
Concerning group
interrelations of gifted pre-schoolers
E.K. Yaglovskaya
Special features in interrelations of gifted preschoolers brought up
together are discussed. The author maintains that specificity of group
interrelations among such children is characterized by well-wishing in
interpersonal relations and competitiveness in business ones. Personal
characteristics of gifted children making for specific group interrelations are
shown.
Altered states of
consciousness: Psychological analysis
V.V. Kucherenko, V.F.
Petrenko, A.V. Rossokhin
The problem of altered states of consciousness psychological analysis is
discussed. Phenomenology of altered states of consciousness and literary review
of the matter are presented. The criteria of such states are presented: altered
form of categorization; subject's estrangement from one's own psychic products;
the changes of inner experience emotional coloring; breach of consequence in
inner reality events; changes in time perception. The authors' own methods of
altered states of consciousness rehabilitation are described.
Psychological cues for the
assessment of trustworthiness and falsity of reports
S.I. Simonenko
Experimental data show that assessing a report as trustworthy people are
included to judge by general impression of a speaker. They admit a report to be
false basing on concrete features of a speaker.
Image and planning of future
managerial career
E.G. Moll
The paper analyses the specification of future managerial career image.
The results of research on spacing, longevity, intensity, levels and
supplementary image descriptions are discussed. Special attention is paid to
psychological aspect of career planning and the scheme of goal-setting is
presented.
Cognitive need: The levels
of development and manifestation in thinking
E.E. Vasyukova
The author investigates the levels of cognitive need development and
their influence on processual features of thinking and on situative
characteristics of cognitive need. The usage of two approaches - the study of
actualized motives method (AMM) and interruption of problem solving - is
illustrated by experiment in chess
players.
Human spirituality mirrored
in psychological knowledge and in religious faith
V.V. Znakov
Scientific psychological and theological approaches to human
spirituality are analyzed. Principal differences in the interpretation of
"knowledge" and "truth" notions in science and religion are
shown. The author argues that not every scientific knowledge is connected with
spiritual "I". The knowledge becomes spiritual only when it becomes
personally meaningful. Four basic directions of spirituality investigation (the
looking for spirituality roots in culture; situative and personal factors of
spiritual states origin analysis; the studies of spirituality as
self-development and self-realization; consideration of spirituality as a
divine revelation in Christian psychology) are analyzed.
Social context as a factor
of minority and majority interrelation
A.I. Dontsov, M.Yu. Tokareva
The limitations of S. Moscovici's traditional experimental scheme of
minority influence are analyzed: social context of minority and majority
differentiation is ignored; dummies-subjects are used; the tasks for them make
no sense; minority and majority interaction is passive. The principles and
results of empirical study following traditional scheme but overcoming above mentioned
limitations are presented. The data obtained show that active interaction of
real representatives of social majority and minority on problems important for
personality and for society are accompanied by consolidation of dominating
point of view. Minority influence phenomenon as an alternative for social
conformity was not proved experimentally.
A method for combinatorial
abilities diagnostics
Yu.A. Poluyanov
"Combinatory task" method is offered. Its goal is to examine
ability to form images using aesthetic principle of rhythm. The method can be
used in schoolchildren individually and in group (during a lesson). Qualitative
and quantitative data processing produces two scales: general and age-specific.
Vocational orientation of
students in case of education specialisation
A.K. Osnitsky
The means of subjective adolescents' activity are investigated. They
allow to differentiate the students for specialized education and vocational orientation.
The modification of E.A. Klimov's method in combination with modified
tapping-test makes it possible to expose individual vocational interests as
well as real abilities and skills.