SUMMARIES
Childhood as socio-psychological phenomenon and special state of
development
The necessity to approach childhood as
special permanently reproduced state of society and at the same time as special
whole inside of it is substantiated. The childhood is complex in structure and
content and functionally obligatory phenomenon with its own laws, development
and self-development trends. Its principal feature is constant
change-maturation-development. Real contacts of adult world and childhood are
shown. Subject — object interaction principle demanding new quality of adult
approach to childhood and differentiated treatment of its various periods is
underlined.
Psychological problems of education anthropologization
B.G. Meshcheryakov
The psychologists' role in planning and
working out of “humanology” curriculum cannot be limited only to psychological
part's authorship. They must theoretically substantiate general principles of
all the courses. Pedagogically oriented concept of personal development is
necessary for that. Such a concept based on L.S. Vygotsky's school genetic
psychology, S.L.Frank's philosophical psychology, E. Erikson's theory of
psychosocial development, as well as empirical approach to “humanology”
curriculum working out is presented.
Poetical form perception in adolescence and youth
G.A. Emelyanov
Principal change of poetical form perception
during the transition from adolescence to youth is qualitative transformation
of its structure. The criteria of text evaluation become integral, including
form as well as content. The notion of poetical style is formed.
Integral approach to teacher's personality model
M.N. Mironova
Teacher's personality hypothetical model is
considered on the basis of integral approach. The personality is thought to be
a functional organ for human nature appropriation. The model is based on B.S.
Bratus “personal senses” scale and P.Florensky's and V. Solovyev's
philosophical views. The category of “personal negentropy” is offered.
On psychological knowledge systems (new psychological text-books
analysis)
P.A. Myasoåd
Contemporary Russian
psychological text-books (A.V. Petrovsky's; R.S. Nemov's; V.I. Slobodchikov's
and E.I. Isaev's) are analyzed and underlying systems of psychological
knowledge compared. The first text-book is based on indistinct activity
approach; the second one contains more complete concrete scientific
data but employs positivistic approach, making construction of psychological
system difficult; the third is based on humanistic psychology approach, which
does not allow complete psychological issues review. These text-books are
compared to American ones.
Psychosemantic study of everyday ecological notions
I.V. Kryazh
Everyday notions on ecologically significant
actions were studied. The differences in ecological notions functioning on
different levels of reflection are considered. Stable categorical structure
connected to perception of ecologically significant actions is found.
Concerning the source of creative abilities
A.A. Melik-Pashaev
Non-traditional approach to creative
abilities, artistic in particular, is offered. The creativeness is considered
to be realization of “higher self” in any field of activity. As a base of
creative ability special integral attitude to life is marked out, owing to
which separate psychical qualities become creative abilities and experience
becomes a source of intentions in special sphere, especially in art.
Psycholinguistic analysis of poetic creativeness
Yu.P. Shepeleva, V.I. Batov, V.M. Petrov
The study using the Lingva-Express method to
make a psycholinguistic contentanalysis of poetic texts has shown for the first
time ever that Russian poetic culture (at least in the first half of the 19th
century) really is a very sensitive barometer of the country's social order
transformations. Psychosocial component of Russian poetry has become a fact of
experimental observation.
V.S. Merlin — researcher and educator
B.A. Vyatkin, E.A. Silina
The authors describe scientific and
pedagogical achievements of well-known Russian psychologist V.S. Merlin.
The lines to V.S.
Merlin's portrait E.A. Klimov
Well-known Russian
psychologist E.A. Klimov presents his reminiscences on his contacts with
his teacher V.S. Merlin.
Psychological education in Samara district at the beginning of XX
century
O.V. Petrov
The author describes different examples of
psychology application to educative practice in Samara and its district and the
role of some well-known scientists in it.
The teaching on environment in pedological works of L.S. Vygotsky
A.N. Leontiev
A.N. Leontiev's unpublished
article, found in his archive, is offered to public attention.
Commentary on A.N. Leontiev's manuscript
A.A. Leontiev, D.A. Leontiev
A.N. Leontiev's son and grandson describe the
circumstances of manuscript's origination and contemporary situation in
psychology.
Psychophysiology of individual differences in early childhood: Modern
state of problem
T.A. Stroganova, E.V. Orekhova
The review of foreign and
Russian studies describes some of modern theories on psychobiology of
development and new approaches to genetic and epigenetic sources of enfants'
psychophysiologic individual differences. The results of experimental
examination of intraindividual variativeness in brain mechanisms regulating
emotions and attention in babies are considered. The authors discuss validity
and prognostic value of psychophysiologic individual characteristics'
evaluation in early childhood.