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SUMMARIES
About
measured individuality theory in psychodiagnostics
L. F. Burlachuk, E. Yu. Korzhova
Theoretical-methodical
problems of psychodiagnostics are considered in the
framework of system approach. The problem of connectedness and the necessity of
informational-structural synthesis are of first importance. System approach is
used for the determination of measured individuality theory. The paradox of
differences in theoretical and psychodiagnostical
description of the same phenomenon may be overcome by way of «measured
individuality» introduction. This theory takes the intermediate position
between global theoretical models and specific research ones.
Imagination
diagnostics in enfants
N.
N. Palagina
Ten methods of
imagination diagnostics in children 1—4,5 years old in
non-verbal and verbal forms are presented. Such imagination features as new impressions
due to transformation and modelling of reality, and
presentation of integral object as a conglomeration of fragments are discussed.
Child's ability to provide some issue with uncharacteristic functions and
meanings is analyzed. The adult — child interaction is possible in three forms:
creation of stimulating environment, stimulating questions, example. Child's imagination
level is evaluated accordingly.
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Cross-culture
study of Russian and German mothers interaction with
children
L. Ahnert, T. Meischner, A. Shmidt, V. Doskin
The article
presents a comparison of educational concepts and of real social interaction
between mother and child in Russian and German cultures. The two samples have some features in common but there are
significant differences as well; for instance, German families are small, have
good living conditions and extensive external contacts as compared to big
Russian families with poor living conditions and limited contacts out of the
family. Universal principles of social interaction between mother and child
mirroring mother's orientation to child's interactive competence are described.
The two samples demonstrate significant differences in the intensity of social
mother — child interaction due to culture-originated educational concepts.
Some
results of the study of women abandoning their newborn children
V. I. Brutman, M. G. Pankratova, S. N. Enikolopov
Social portrait
of women abandoning their newborn children is characterized by negative
experience in their parental families, poor socialization, low educational and culture
levels. The decision to abandon a child is made long before the birth as
defense reaction against hard personal crisis, leading to depression and other
diseases during pregnancy. The authors argue the necessity to mark out risk
group and to afford them prenatal assistance.
Psychological
conditions of creative potential development in schoolchildren
E.
L. Yakovleva
Creativity is
considered as a personal characteristic closely connected to free emotional
self-expression. Early adolescence is especially sensitive to the mastering of
self-expression because there is as much interest in the developing personality
as in developing a means of expression. The author describes a special program
for children's potential creative development. It is based on humanistic
psychology principles (acceptance, emotional safety, absence of appraisal) and
developing education (individualization, problems, dialogicity).
The program was tried on 24 schoolchildren 10—11 years of age. The course
consisted of 36 lessons. And as a result of the course, indices of creativity, intellectual
development and self-appraisal of the schoolchildren increased.
Fiction
curriculum in senior schoolchildren
V.
S. Sobkin, P. S. Pisarsky
Longitude results
of the study of dynamics of fiction preferences in senior schoolchildren are
presented. Structure changes in value orientations due to the ousting of
military-patriotic and Soviet thematics as well as to
the inclusion of previously forbidden fiction are shown. The differences in
fiction preferences of boys and girls and the role of cultural liberation are
discussed in the framework of social-political changes in
The
study of the schoolchild's reader position
G. G. Granik, L. A. Kontsevaya
The study
described by the authors is a part of broader program: the program of bringing
up the Reader. The process cannot be planned before the child's attitude
towards the book is revealed. The method used by the authors exposes the schoolchildren's
interrelated psychological and social peculiarities. The data obtained are
useful for both teachers and for the authors of textbooks.
The
games for the development of inner planning of activity in schoolchildren
E.
V. Zaika
About 40
entertaining games facilitating the formation of ability to make different
manipulations with verbal and numerical material mentally are offered.
L.
S. Vygotsky’s concept and symbolic function
development
N.
G. Salmina
L. S. Vygotskys fundamental notions concerning the role of
symbols in psychological development can be used as a foundation for research
in the development of symbolic functions. Different kinds of developing
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programs are described:
the course of symbolic propedeutics aimed at the
mastering of general semiotic rules; the courses of introduction of music and
mathematics based not only on subject content and means of acting but on
semiotics too.
The author
discusses the role of semiotic logics in educational courses.
Object
orientation of thinking and comprehension
E.
I. Gorbacheva
The role of
object orientation of thinking and its dynamic base — mental stereotype — in
comprehension is shown. The comprehension is
considered to be a criterial area of mental
stereotype functioning features.
The
problems in psychology of creation and some approaches to the investigation of
giftedness
V.
A. Molyako
The attempt to
reconsider the dynamics and organization of creative processes is based on
longitude studies of creative activity as well as on some data of synergetics. It is argued that the main directing and
organizing role is played by the strategy. Hypothetic structure of creative
giftedness as a whole is offered. Special attention is paid to the
manifestations of technical giftedness.
On
musical psychology
G.
S. Tarasov
The author
discusses special features of musical psychology and ways of its development.
Method of creative construction of artistic situations is offered as
experimental possibility.
Cultural-historical
type of school (a project for development)
V.
V. Rubtsov, A. A. Margolis, V. A. Guruzhapov
Different kinds
of school developing in modem
On
self-cognition
Metropolitan
The translation
of well-known Russian orthodox church preacher's
address, delivered on
A.
A. Smirnov: The course of life and scientific work
A.
A. Nikol'skaya
The article is
dedicated to the 100-th anniversary of A. A. Smirnov, who played an important
role in Russian psychology during Soviet phase of its development: in spite of
ideological pressure he managed to achieve important scientific results. His
role as an organizer of science is described as well as the main biographical
events.
The
diagnostics of individual-stylistic features of self-regulation in student's
learning activity
V.
I. Morosanova, R. R. Sagiev
Individual-stylistic
features are considered to be important characteristics of psychic
self-regulation of a person manifesting themselves in different kinds of
his/her activity. The questionnaire for its diagnostics is offered. The results
of the questionnaire approbation show its discriminative reliability, construct
and criterial validity, re-test and inner
reliability. The questionnaire allows to distinguish
individual styles of self-regulation in learning activity.