126
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Untruth, lie and deception
as comprehension psychology problem
V. V. Znakov
The likeness and differences
in contents of the notions of untruth, lie and deception are analysed. There
are two points of interests: sets, attitudes, intentions of a person passing an
information concerning another person; the degree of information's
correspondence to reality. Untruth is defined as an utterance based on an error
or inadequate knowledge of the circumstances. The lie is conscious deformation
of known truth. Deception is half-truth provoking a listener to make wrong
conclusions out of correct facts.
Creative manifestations in
young children's play
L. N. Galiguzova
Investigation of new
reserves of child's psyche, more profound
age-specific possibilities for
development are characteristic for contemporary child psychology. Attention is
paid to the problem of child's imagination and its creative aspect in
particular: conception and formation of creative manifestations in young
children's- play. The main parameters of creative play are: play motivation,
structure of play activity, characteristics of imagination. Age-specific stages
of creative development in l-3-years-old children are marked out. Play activity
is analyzed in its connection to child's intercourse with an adult.
Some characteristics of
early stages of consciousness ontogenesis
L. G. Lysuk
There are marked changes in
2,5-3,5-years-old children's comprehension of structural elements of their own
activity (goal, acts, etc.). This development is connected to the type of
goal-setting (before or during an action). The level of comprehension depends
upon the level of activity.
Learning collaboration
training
G. A. Tsukerman, N. V.
Elizarova, M. I. Frumina, E. V. Chudinova
Developing effect of
experimental course "Introduction into school life" is estimated. The
course takes place during first two weeks of school education and is aimed at
the development of new educational means of child's collaboration with a
teacher, peers and himself. Individual diagnostics shows that after the course
children possess more abilities to emotional and logic decentration, learning
initiative, joint actions and rational conflict overcoming. The effect of the
course on decentration was found to be stable in half a year.
Teenager-addict and his
social surroundings
V. V. GuIdan, O. L.
Romanova, Î. Ê. Sidenko
A study of social space of
adolescent with drug dependence is presented. It is shown that disturbances are
connected to identification with different social groups and characteristics of
causal attribution.
The problem of acceptance in
psychotherapeutic counselling
M. A. Hazanova
The problem of maintaining
psychological conditions facilitating the harmonization of personal development
is investigated. It is considered from the point of view of
person-(client)-centered approach after C. Rogers. The phenomenon of acceptance
without appraisal is analyzed and psychological features of self-acceptance and
acceptance of another person, circular character of their interconnection and
emergence of acceptance field are described. The main notions are illustrated
by a case out of the author's psychotherapeutic practice.
The complex of games for
imagination development
E. V. Zaika
25 games directed to the
development of different sides of imagination are presented. They are
recommended for the training of schoolchildren. Some features of play's
implementation are outlined.
Comparative study of male
and female cognitive sphere: Biological and social factors and their role
T. V. Vinogradova, V. V.
Semenov
Comparative analysis of
biological, psychological and social factors and cognitive abilities leading to
women's modest achievements in science is presented. The differences in
cognitive sphere
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of men and women are too
insignificant to explain the differences in creative and scientific
achievements. Feministic movement doubts if such studies are merited and
methodically sound.
The role of attitudes in
cognition of the text: Reading fiction
G. G. Granik, A. N.
Samsonova
The problem of forming and
functioning of attitude developing when reading a text (fiction) is considered.
It is experimentally shown that at the beginning of cognitive process the
attitude determining further cognition appears. The attitude limits reader's
prognosis and makes it purposeful. The purposefullness though may facilitate
the cognition and block it as well.
Problem solving, ability,
skill
V. B. Korenberg
Some notions connected to
problems' solving are discussed. A problem is considered to be a component of
psychic state. Any action (motion or not) is a programmed united activity. A
skill is manageing component of an ability to act by specific fixed scheme.
Psychological, physiological and pedagogical recommendations can be derived
from reviewed notions.
Psychology of interpersonal communication: On the 100th
anniversary of V. N. Myasishchev
A. A. Bodalev
Commemorising the 100th
anniversary of outstanding Russian psychologist, psychiatrist and
psychoneurologist V. N. Myasishchev his contribution to the studies of
personality, character and abilities and especially his theory of attitudes for
the explanation of phenomenology and formation of these complex psychic
constructs are outlined.
Speeches and addresses on
Psychological Institute opening
Continued from N 5—6, 1992
and N 1, 1993.
An example of complex study
of associative experiment data
G. A. Martinovich
The results of associative
experiment in which 160 students took part are presented. There were different
kinds of reactions and their characteristics: immediate reactions, mediated,
undetermined and unconnected ones, as well as individual reactions. The
participants of the experiment demonstrated speech activity motivated by the
task. The majority of reactions was of un-communicative (artificial) sort,
being identical by their composition to natural ones.
Emotional sphere study by
means of odours evaluation
A. J. Monosova, E. D.
Homskaya
Odorous stimuli were used
for the investigation of emotional sphere in three samples: healthy persons,
depressive patients and hypomaniacal ones. A new method of emotional state
testing by verbal and non-verbal assessment of odours is presented. The main
parameters of odorous stimuli (pleasantness, intensity) were analyzed as well
as odour—determinant (verbal or non-verbal) association. Experimental data for
healthy persons and those for depressive and hypomaniacal ones were
significantly different. Difference in odour intensity assessment by men and
women also were statistically relevant. The peculiarities of odours as
emotional stimuli are described.
Spatial behavior and social
status of a child in the kindergarten
Yu. M. Plusnin, O. A.
Bogatyreva, 0. E. Bichenkova
Children's spatial behavior
and their social interactions in the kindergarten group are studied.
Socio-ethological approach to the socialization and social adaptation of
preschoolers is used. The structure of kids' social interactions is displayed
first of all in their spatial behavior, which has marked sexual differences.
For example, boys hold less individual distance from each other than girls, and
kids of different sexes usually avoid each other. Both boys and girls of high
rank are less avoided by other kids than low-ranked ones. It is shown that
children have strongly expressed preference for definite places: one's own
table and one's own seat at it, one's own place for sleep and preferable sites
for games. The characteristics of playing space organization in high- and low-ranked
children are discussed. Social status depends upon the temperament of a child
and child's general activity.
American Psychological
Association
E. V. Shchedrina
The main directions of work,
structure, forms of membership, editorial activity of American Psychological
Association are outlined.