189
ÐÅÇÞÌÅ ÍÀ ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÎÌ ßÇÛÊÅ
Time to collect the stones
V. G. Kostomarov
The results of election in
Academy of pedagogical sciences of the USSR are presented. Its new President's
— V. G. Kostomarov's — address is published.
Ontogenetics of human
individuality
M. S. Egorova, T.
M. Maryutina
A new area of studies —
ontogenetics or developmental psychogenetics — is presented. It deals with
genetic and environment factors' role in individual differences' forming in
ontogenesis and individual trajectories of development. Theoretical basis of
developmental psychogenetics is analyzed. Possible ways of interaction between
psychogenetics and psychophysiological and psychological notions are discussed.
Interdisciplinary studies uniting these three branches of science
(developmental psychogenetics, developmental psychology and psychophysiology)
enable one to solve some theoretical and applicational problems, while another
methods do not give unequivocal results.
On dialogue in psychological
consulting
A. F. Kopiev
Psychological consulting and
psychotherapy are considered in accordance with M. M. Bakhtin's dialogue
concept. Dialogical .approach to consultation involves contacts with a client
as with a free person. Taking part in dialogue or avoidance of it is a result
of free choice and it can be used as an important index of client's real
orientation towards consulting. The significance of this index is stressed and
possible approaches of a psychologist taking it into account are presented.
"Silence principle" is analyzed as one of the foundations of
psychological consultation.
Reflective consciousness
genesis in junior schoolchildren
V. I. Slobodchikov, G. A.
Zuckerman
Is there an interiorization
only?
A. B. Orlov
What is there to discuss?
V. I. Slobodchikov, G. A.
Zuckerman
The article deals with
interpsychic factors of reflective consciousness development in 6—10 years old
children. Basic notions for exposure and realization of these factors in
primary school are presented. The data of the article serve as a foundation for
project of pedagogics including the development of child's personality,
consciousness and abilities in educational system.
The article is accompanied
by A. B. Orlov's review of more general character than the article itself, and
the article's authors' responce to it.
Psychophysiological
substantiation of technical means of education use in aircraft personnel
training
V. A. Ponomarenko, A. A. Vorona, N. N. Zatsarny
The article is dedicated to
methodological problems of education. Image regulation of activity concept and
experimental data concerning professional skills formation analysis are used in
order to substantiate new approaches to education. The possibility of mastering
of necessary operations intensification when using modern technical means of
education is shown.
The development of will and
arbitrariness in early ontogenesis
E. O. Smirnova
There is an attempt to
determine psychological essence of "will" and
"arbitrariness" notions. Two general approaches to it are discussed
on the basis of literature review. The first of them considers the above
mentioned notions in consciousness context, and the other one deals with them
in motivation context. This distinction leads to a hypothesis of different
content and lines of development of will and arbitrariness. According to this
hypothesis the development of arbitrariness can be attributed to self-control
means, and the development of will can be related to motivation sphere formation.
The sources and motive forces of will and arbitrariness development are
discussed.
The peculiarities of
professional self-consciousness forming
L. M. Mitina
The improvement of
pedagogical work and perfection of teacher's personality demand the optimization
of teacher's self-consciousness forming. Complex strategy showing teacher's
potential and aiming at personality development, its correction and
compensation is necessary for purposeful forming of teacher's
self-consciousness. Author's program was tried at school. It showed principal
possibility and necessity of purposeful forming of teacher's professional
self-consciousness.
190
Gender differences and modern school education
G. M. Breslav, B. I. Hasan
The problems of sex
identification in schoolchildren are discussed. Historical-cultural and
"psychological factors leading to distortion of sex identification
formation in schoolchildren are shown. The necessity of sex differentiation in
form and content of education is stressed. There is a doubt that present joint
education for boys and girls is a right one. Longitude comparative study of the
matter is proposed.
Correlation between successfulness of art creativeness
and child's personality trend
M. E. Kanevskaya, L. M. Firsova
The problem of correlation
between successful-ness of child's art creation and personality trend (personal
value) is stated. Experimental data show that any type of personality trend can
serve as a condition of successful art creation but the most favourable one is value
of relations type.
On functions of reflection in game education of managers
V. V. Davydov, S. D.
Neverkovich, N. V. Samoukina
Psychological and
organizational functions of reflection in developing education and in game activity
are described. It is noted that reflection plays part in interaction of
organizational and research divisions. Structure-functional model of reflective
analysis is presented, as well as qualification research method. General stages
of projecting, organization and study of a game together with methodical modes
for activization of participants' reflection are given.
Concerning the foundation of adolescents' social-psychological support
center
V. L. Haikin
The article is based on an
address to the Plenum of USSR State Committee on People's Education. The
problems of adolescents' upbringing and delinquency preventing are discussed.
The necessity of foundation of social-psychological support and legal
protection for children and adolescents center is stressed. General principles,
structure and functions of the center are considered.
Professionalization of students' memory
V. A. Maraev, G. P. Holopova
The professionalization of
students' (physisists-mathematicians' and philologists') memory was studied.
The participants (304 students) were required to reproduce a series of 30 words
that could be groupped and of 21 unconnected words. The mean volume of memory
was the same for both groups, but physisists-mathematicians' memory was of
choice nature. They groupped the words by their sense, and the philologists did
that by their formal properties. The differences manifested themselves in
retroactive interference, particularly in its connection to progress in
studies.
The usage of fashion mechanisms in pedagogical practice
E. Yu. Novikova, V. A. Petrovsky
Interaction between fashion
and personality is analyzed. There is fashion orientation specific for every
stage of personal development — adaptation, individualization and integration.
The types of fashion standard imitation on adaptation stage are shown by the
authors differentiating learning and conformity imitation. There is possible
individual way in upbringing and education on individualization stage. The
problems of referentiality and of play-back in forming of aesthetical views are
discussed. All the notions are illustrated by school experience. There are
recommendations for the usage of fashion mechanisms in upbringing of
adolescents.
The program of psychologist's activity in pioneers' camp
E. I. Rogov
The development of summer
recreation children's camps and psychological service in them are considered.
It must be based on school psychologists' traditions and on A. V. Petrovskiy's
concept of collective and personality development. There are concrete methods
enabling the psychologist to reach the goals of every stage. The article can be
useful in children recreation organization.
Creative nature of human psyche
V. T. Kudriavtsev
Creative nature of human
psyche is analyzed in connection to its cultural-historical determination. The
necessity to overcome adaptation-homeostatic tendencies in psychic essence and
its development interpretation is substantiated. The creative character of
appropriation of culture by a person is shown. The comprehension of imagination
as universal property of consciousness is proposed. The possibility of modern
psychological theories' renovation is considered in the light of creative
nature of human psyche notion.
Musical culture and emotional crisis
A. D. Perepelitsa
The author asserts that in
an integral pedagogical system musical culture is closely connected
191
to economic and social
development. The methodical changes in musical cultural education are not
enough. Some of the concrete reasons of musical culture decline are stated,
school musical programs are criticized. The author urges to make the rapid
transition to really mass musical education.
Neuropsychological approach:
from simplification to system-dynamic analysis of foreign language learning
B. S. Kotik
The article is an answer to
M. F. Kosilova's publication (Vopr. psychol. 1990. N2). It states that the
summons to make transition from left hemispheric style in education to right
hemispheric one and vice versa are proofless. Presently some attempts are made
to bridge the gap between data on brain functioning and the use of these data
in actual foreign language learning. The best way to achieve results is to use
early and intensive education taking into account individual peculiarities of
students.
To the 100-th anniversary of
N. D. Levitov
Well-known Soviet
psychologist N. D. Levitov played an important part in the development of
Soviet psychological science. He was the author of many text-books for colleges.
N. D. Levitov's scientific interests included psychology of character, problems
of psychic states, etc.
Hindrance-proof voluntary
regulation of intellectual activity and hemispheric brain asymmetry
E. D. Homskaya, E. V. Budyka, I. V. Efimova
The results of a study
concerning hindrance-proof voluntary regulation of serial counting activity by
male students are presented. The respondents are found to have different types
of individual profile of lateral organization of sensor and motor functions.
The hindrance-proof activity proves to be dependable on the type of profile of
lateral organization of functions: the persons with predominance of left-side
asymmetry of sensor and motor functions are more hindrance-proof.
The group belonging and self-perception
of a personality
E. P. Avduyevskaya
The group belonging is
considered as a social set. Its cognitive component includes knowledge and
adoption of group norms and goals; affective one includes the sense of
"We"; behavioural one includes the readiness of a person to joint
actions for achievement of group goals. Different forms of group belonging are
found empirically. The correlation of self-perception dynamics
(differentiation, flexibility, conflictability) and concrete forms of group
belonging is shown.
Concerning application
frustration Rosenzweig test in school psychodiagnostics
D. V. Lubovsky
Rosenzweig's method, widely
used by educational psychologists, has a lot of virtues in comparison to many
other methods but some normative indexes for our sample are lacking. Being
theoretically based it can serve as means of meaningful validization for
another methods (for instance, R. Gil's one). A study of 30 11—12 years old
schoolchildren supplies normative data for Rosenzweig's test. Correlation
analysis shows reality of some R. Gil's method's factors. It is concluded that
joint use of these methods for interpersonal research on schoolchildren can
give good results.
Health, anxiety and physical
exercise
W. P. Morgan, K. A.
Ellickson
The article reviews
theoretical positions that have played prominent roles in research and
applications in sport psychology. It elaborates on the research evidence
dealing with the immediate or acute effects of vigorous exercise on state
anxiety. There is an extensive literature demonstrating that active, physically
fit individuals experience a reduction in state anxiety following vigorous
physical exercise. These effects occur in persons with high trait anxiety, as
well as those who fall within the normal range, and these effects have been
found to be independent of age and gender. It appears that the anxiolytic
effects of exercise last for approximately 2— 3 hours, whereas passive
interventions such as meditation and quiet rest have less persistent effects.
The mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced tension reduction have not been
identified, and research involving the question of "why" anxiety is
reduced after exercise needs to be undertaken.
Models of alcohol influence
on behavior
T. G. Rumyantseva
The article is a review of
the most wide-spread in Western psychology models of alcohol influence on
aggressive behavior of a person. There are 1) pharmacological disinhibition —
psychological and psychodynamic, 2) model of heightened physiological arousal,
3) theory of so called studied disinhibition. The modern stage of research is
characterized by a tendency to avoid the excesses of the above-mentioned models
and to work out better, synthetic one. The advantages of synthetic model are
presented, some of its conclusions and results are analyzed. This model
promotes further theoretical research and practical search for means to prevent
direct interpersonal aggression.