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STRUCTURAL-DVNAMIC
MODEL OF SELF-ESTEEM
A. V. Zakharova
Developed by the author psychological conception of self-esteem, as a system education is presented; its structural-dynamic model is suggested, which covers all the variety of its kinds, forms and level representations, included in different systems of self-regulation. It is shown on the basis of the materials gathered in the course of a long research, that self-esteem is a universal mechanism of self-regulation in the formation of different aspects of the psychology and the development of the personality of a child.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
OF THE AESTHETIC EDUCATION AND THE ARTISTIC CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF
SCHOOLCHILDREN
A.
A. Melik-Pashayev
The article presents an
original conception of the aesthetic upbringing, which is regarded not as the
development of particular trades and gifts, but as the becoming of the integral
personality under the influence of the aesthetic experience. The attention is
mainly paid to the development of the special ("aesthetic"') attitude
towards the reality, which is characterized by experiencing the non-utilitarian
value of life and personal involvement in the surrounding world. This attitude
is considered, on one hand, as the main term of the development of the
artistic-creative abilities. It is shown, that 7—-8-years-old children possess
prerequisites for the aesthetic and artistic development, which die away with most
of the people under the conditions of the present way of teaching, but may
develop successfully, adequate teaching methods provided.
The artistic education
restructuring is regarded as the first stage of the school humanization as a
whole.
THE ARTISTIC EDUCATION
AND AESTETIC UPBRINGING
V. S. Sobkin, V. A.
Levin
The present state of the
aesthetic education in our country is critically evaluated in the article. The
necessity of changing the existing state of affairs in this sphere of education
and upbringing is proved. Principles of the artistic education conception are
formulated.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AID TO THE CHILDREN RAISED IN THE BOARDING-SCHOOL
V. S. Moukhina
Psychological problems of
the children raised in the institutions of a boarding-school type are analysed.
They are orphans, children from- the problem families and children belonging to
minor nationalities of the North, whose parents by virtue of their traditional
activities (hunting, deer-breeding etc.) have to leave their children in the
villages. The deprivation of parental custody results in the situation of
emotional troubles and in the formation of the feeling of estrangement in a
child. The description of the emotional state of children deprived of parental
custody and recommendations concerning their rehabilitation are given.
THE KINDERGARTEN AND
THE PRIMARY SCHOOL: THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT OF CONTINUITY
A. B. Nikolayeva
The article s devoted to the
problems of continuity in the work of the kindergarten and the primary school
and to the consideration of the processes taking place at the junction of these
two inseparable jinks of the public education.
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An urgent necessity exists
to consider the figure of a teacher in the kindergarten and in the primary school
with definition of the general and of the special in the influence made on the
child and in the contents of the activity and of the role functions with the
purpose of eliminating the gap existing between the kindergarten and the
school.
YOING DELINQUENTS’
SELF-ESTEEM
G. K. Valitskas, Yu. B.
Gippenreyter
A research of the
self-esteem of 160 young delinquents (male and female) aged 14—16 compared with
the self—esteem of law-abiding adolescents was made with the help of a set of
methods, clinical interviews and studies of the biography materials. The
confirmation of the hypothesis was received, according to which one of the
motives of re-orientation of adolescents towards the anti-social way of
development was the desire to increase their self-esteem, the level of which
happened to be low due to the social disadaptation of children.
MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN: DIFFERENTIATION AND DIAGNOSTICS
Nearly 50 % of unsuccessful
schoolchildren are mentally retarded. A differentiation into two groups uniform
for the clinical-psychological and psychological-pedagogical description of
mental retardation is suggested. The first group includes children with
unformed processes of the spontaneous activity forms. The second group includes
children with insufficiency of perceptive memorizing processes as the dominant
factor in the structure of mental deviations. A set of three methods tested on
the junior schoolchildren representative samplings is suggested.
THE ESTIMATION OF DIDACTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTIONAL COURSES IN THE AUTOMATED INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM “THE MENTOR”
T. N.
Brousentsova
One of the ways of the
estimation of didactic effectiveness of the courses, designed for the use under
the conditions of computerized teaching, is presented in the article. The
possibilities of using the "Minimum BASIC" course within the
framework of "The Mentor" automated instructional system for the
experimental training of the 9-th form students were studied. The testis were
offered a questionnaire prior to the beginning of the course and after its
completion. Its purpose was to identify their attitude towards computerized learning
and studying programming languages and towards
comparative difficulties of the course sections and the course as, a whole. The
computer registrated the process of each student's work (all the tasks assigned
and ait the mistakes made), and the experimenter registrated the students'
questions. The comparison of opinions, students' questions and the computer
processed protocol date served as the basis for identifying the course sect
ons, which did not correspond to the students' cognitive development level. The
article gives recommendations concerning the improvement of the "Minimum
BASIC" course.
A. V. Vartanov,
V. K. Zhudov, M. N. Kiosa, E. N. Sokolov
The experimental training of senior schoolchildren in programming allowed to form with them self-education and collective computer work skills.
STATUS PSYCHOTHERAPY AS THE METHOD OF CORRECTION OF THE CHILD’S STATUS
IN THE KINDERGARTEN GROUP
The possibilities of
correction of the status of a child in the group were examined with the help of
the status psychotherapy method. The concrete examples of the positive
influence of transferring children to another group, of the kindergarten are
given. The reason for this transfer was unfavourable and superfavourable
situation in the group, which influenced negatively the children's personality formation
and required correction.
HARMONY AND CREATIVE WORK
A. I. Kolkov
The conception of the unity of harmony and creative work is outlined in the article. The methodics basis of the article is the organizational-entropy transition, on the basis of which the entropic-harmony standard (ideal) is determined. The article gives the experimental and theoretical material illustrating the unity of creative processes in nature and in the society. A set of methods and entropic-harmony series of a musical, poetic and some other kinds of the artistic creative work are listed.
A CONCEPT OF ADAPTATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANSE FOR THE PSYCHOLOGY OF AN INDIVIDUAL
G. A. Ball
The principle is
substantiated, that the concept of adaptation can play positive role in the
psychological knowledge, if it is interpreted not in the narrow sense (as the
adaptation to the environ-
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ment), but in the wide
sense, as the unity of mutually dependent opposite processes of balancing the
relationship of an individual with the environment (accomodation and
assimilation according to Piaget). The consideration of such processes at
different interacting with each other levels contributes to the deterministic
explanation of the processes of functioning and development of an individual.
DYNAMICS OF FORMATION
PROCESS OF THE AUDIO-SPEECH FUNCTION ASYMMETRY IN ADOLESCENTS
V. V. Souvorova
The domination of
non-typical (right-hemispherial and bihemispherial) lateralization of
auditory-speech functions was found during longitudinal researches of the 13-
and 14-years-old adolescents from one Moscow school class. The right hemisphere
domination in speech is linked with the development of the conceptional
thinking and is considered as the special age feature of children, which is
characteristic of their puberty period of the ontogenesis.
COMPLICATED COLOUR IMAGES
IDENTIFICATION AND THE FUNCTIONAL BRAIN ASSYMETRY
N. M. Nikolayenko, T. V. Chernigovskaya
The data concerning the
research of the perception of the picture of different states of weather and of
time of the day (on the material of works of painting) have been received
during momentary suppression of the functions of one of the brain hemispheres.
It has been stated that the right hemisphere provides for the isomorphic
reflection of objects and of the surrounding world. The left hemisphere
introduces the identified image into generalised phenomena classes and provides
for comprehending logical situations.
THE MANIFESTATION OF
INDIVIDUAL EMOTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION CONTROL FUNCTIONS
I. A Pereverzeva
It has been established that
individual emotionality difference (the quality of the dominant experience)
manifests itself in the function of control over the emotional expression. The higher
degree of control over both negative and positive emotions expression was found
with the people having trends towards the experiencing of negative emotions.
THE PERCEPTION ÎÃ ÒÍE EMOTIONAL STATE
OF MAN ACÑORDING TO THE INTONATION PATTERN OF SPEECH
A. A. Borisova
The purpose of the research
was the experimental testing of the emotional state of the speaker according to
his intonation in the situation:
1) when the text has great
informativeness and when there is maximum correspondence of the voice intonation
to the content of the text;
2) when the intonation
pattern of speech contains nearly all the information.
The results of the
experiment showed, that:
a) to define the emotional
state of man is a difficult task and, b) it depends on the individual experience
of man, c) the emotional state of joy can be determined quicker than other
states, d) special instruction in adequate perception of emotional states
according to the intonation is necessary.
SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
OF THE ADOLESCENT ATTITUDE TOWARDS FASHION
E. Y. Novikova
The author discusses
socio-psychological aspects of the functioning of the consumption object in the
society. A conclusion is made on the basis of the results of the experiments,
that sociological properties of the object of consumption are dominant as
related to the strictly utilitarian properties within the social perception
structure. The type of orientation towards fashion depends on the stage of the
socio-psychological development of an individual: the perception of the
"multiplication" prevails at the adaptation stage, the acception of
the ready pattern with its partial individual modification prevails at the
individualization stage, and an independent design based on general characteristics
of the offered consumption object samples prevails at the integration stage.
The spiritual values, which are dominant in the perception and retranslated via
the object of consumption, have their specific form of the psychological
presentation at the level of the personal implication.
THE METHOD OF IDENTIFYING
AND ESTIMATING THE LEVEL OF THE SENIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN OPERATIVE THINKING
DEVELOPMENT
K. E. Yaschishin
An automated method of
diagnosing professionally significant mental properties of the students
choosing the profession of a driver has been developed. The test consists of
the series of
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the problem tasks ("The Effective Shortcut" type), the successful solving of which is determined by the student's ability to correctly analyze conditional situations, to quikly make a decision and to implement it under the conditions of stress. The method is standardized. The estimation scale of the senior schoolchildren operative thinking development level is given in the article.
MEASURING OF THE ATTENTION
REDIRECTABILITY IN THE SENSOMOTOR ACTIVITY
V. I. Stepansky, G. S.
Prygin
A new set of methods for
measuring redirectability is developed, which is characterized by the
simplicity of the examination and of the results processing. The set of methods
is implemented with the help of a video game computer in the form of a
competition of the person under examination with oneself, which allows to
achieve a high degree of involvement in the activity. The attention
redirectability coefficient and the stability index of this quality are counted
according to the results of the testing. The validity of the given testing is
substantiated theoretically and proved practically.
THE METHOD OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE LEARNING ACTIVITY WHILE USING A COMPUTER
A. G. Krytsky
The article is devoted to the
research of possibilities of using a computer network for the organization of
interaction of an adult and children and of children themselves by setting in
the system the concepts of the kinematics. A method of organizing the group
interactions and indirect computer usage is developed on the basis of this
factual material. The technology of interactions is given. The data concerning
computer functions in the process of communication of the pupils during the
joint solving of the learning tasks are presented. The problem of the computer
modeling of the learning activity methods is set.
PROGRAMS FOR SURMOUNTING BAD
HABITS IN USA SCHOOLCHILDREN
V. S. Khomik
A survey of methods of
anti-drug education of the schoolchildren of the 1—12th forms developed in the
USA within the framework of "Here's looking at you, 2000" programme,
is presented in the article. The scientifically substantiated preventive
tactics is considered, which is aimed at the understanding by the students
physiological and socio-psychological consequences of the drug use, the
formation of strong self-respect in every student, the mature life time
experiencing. It is shown, that risk factors of students being involved in the
use of narcotics will decrease with strengthening of their bonding to school
and family, working out the skills of mutually supportive interpersonal
relations, stopping enabling the drug use, developing the ability of making
friends and, acquiring refusal skills in provocative situations.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF
L. S. VYGOTSKY IN WESTERN EUROPE
O. M. Toutounjan
In Western Europe, as in USA, the psychological heritage of L. S. Vygotsky is getting more and more recognition as of greatest importance for the development of modern psychology in its most fundamental theoretical and practical issues. Western European psychologists despite their different theoretical and methodological views and despite their sometimes critical remarks on Vygotsky speak of him as of a reformer in our science, even of a rare genius equal to Piaget. Wide spreading of his views, growth of the number of translations of his works are evidence not only of his present influence on psychological thought but also of the prospects of ever growing influence of Vygotsky in the future.