189
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE INNER WORLD IN MAN
V. I. Slobodchikov
A conceptual model of appearance and
development of the inner world in man's ontogenesis is offered. Co-being of an
adult and an infant, of an infant and other people forms the starting
ontological basis of man's "Self". Behind the dynamics of the
co-being and development of individual capacities there are processes of
identification of the child with others and processes of his individuation,
separation from others. Intertwined work of mechanisms of imitation and
reflectivity underlies the process of development of the inner world.
Particular forms and contents of Self at different ontogenetical stages are considered.
DEVELOPMENT OF
INTERESTS IN LATER ADOLESCENCE
T. P. Shakhova
Free time of adolescents has been studied
by means of two techniques in order to reveal new resources for the development
of personality in an adolescent. Seven categories of activities and of related
interests have been established as well as specific conflicts between actually
performed and desired activities (correspondingly — between realized and
claimed interests). Pattern of change in the interests of senior adolescents is
described, and an attempt is made to indicate the boundary between adolescence
and youth.
DYNAMICS OF THE
PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN STUDENTS OF VOCATIONAL-TRAINING SCHOOLS AS A FUNCTION
OF THE METHOD OF INTRODUCTION INTO THE TRADE
V. N. Obnosov
Psychological aspects of professional
preparation of students in vocational-training schools are considered with an
accent on self-regulation mechanisms of the learning-professional activity.
Conditions most favourable for the development of
active personality at the vocational training stage are discussed. It is argued
that active subjective involvement and, correspondingly, efficiency of activity
are related to the image of oneself as a future professional. This image is the
more adequate the earlier a student gets involved into the real-life
professional activity.
PSYCHOLOGICAL
REQUIREMENTS TO IMPROVED TEXT-BOOKS ON THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
S. F. Zhuikov
It is explained in the article how the new
Programme on the Russian language makes it possible
to realize principles of the developing education and how it provides for
higher levels of theoretical mastery of the subject. Some relevant
psychological data are brought in to show that younger schoolchildren are
capable of learning the native language at the analytical-synthetical
level corresponding to the developing education methodology. Requirements to
the Russian language text-books are stated which can ensure the realization of
the Programme.
INTERPERSONAL
CONFLICTS IN A PEDAGOGICAL COLLECTIVE AND WAYS TO CORRECT THEM
R. Kh. Shakourov, B. S. Alishev
Theoretical part of the article is devoted
to introduction of the notions of "conflict" and of "conflictedness", and to analysis of causes of
interpersonal conflicts between the personnel of vocational-training schools
(their psychological qualities are considered as well). A corresponding
experimental study is reported as well which has revealed that in collectives
with more closely organized common activity the personality-communicative
qualities of their members to a lesser extent determine the character and
dynamics of possible conflicting attitudes and that the latter are rather
determined by functional factors. The article is concluded with some practical
recommendations.
190
REGULARITIES OF COMMUNICATION IN A CREATIVE COLLECTIVE
Ya. A. Ponomariov, Teh. M. Gadzhiyev
Communication is regarded as a unity and
interpenetration of its communicative as such (transfer of information) and
creative (generation of the information) elements. Human communication is
assumed to be always communicative-creative in nature, though each of the two
poles may dominate in particular cases. Creative function developed it is
supposed as a by-product of the communicative one. Some stages are outlined
through which the development of the creative communication might possibly go:
capacity to generate, objectify, and understand new ideas. It is suggested by
the authors that these stages transform into structural-organizational levels
of the process of communication which are functionally isomorphic to stages of
the problem-solving process in a creative collective.
DMITRIY NIKOLAYEVITCH UZNADZE
(to the 100-th anniversary)
Sh. A. Nadirashvili
D. N. Uznadze
created an original line of research in psychology — the theory of set which
found wide acceptance both in this country and abroad. Main stages in life and
creative work of D. N. Uznadze are presented.
L. S. VYGOTSKY: SEARCH FOR PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTING
THE THEORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
M. G. Yaroshevsky
An attempt has been made to reconstruct L.
S. Vygotsky's pathos at different stages of his
creative life proceeding from some established though little known facts from
his works and biography. Stereotypes and open mistakes in perception and
interpretation of Vygotsky's contribution to the
general-psychological theory are dealt with in some detail. Relevance of his
methodological approach to the present-day search for principles of
constructing psychological theory is stressed.
CULTURAL-HISTORICAL STUDIES IN WESTERN PSYCHOLOGY
R. Van der Veer
Researches performed by Western
psychologists proceeding from L. S. Vygotsky's
cultural-historical theory are discussed. It is shown that works by J.
Bruner and J. Wertsch dedicated to the problem of
learning, and those of A. L. Brown dedicated to the problem of the zone of proximate
development not only confirm correctness of Vygotsky's
theoretical ideas, but also creatively develop them.
PSYCHOLOGICAL
SPECIFICITY OF CONTENT ANALYSIS IN YOUNGER
SCHOOLCHILDREN
S. V. Riakina
Results of an experimental study of the
level and structure of the content analysis performed by 7-10 years old
children are presented. The study has been based on A. N. Leontiev
and V. V. Davydov's theoretical framework; modified Kohs’ block-design test was the principal experimental
procedure.
THINKING MEDIATED BY COMPUTER-SUPPLIED INFORMATION
T. V. Kornilova
Positions from the game of "
A GEOMETRIC MODEL OF THE STRUCTURE OF KNOWLEDGE
Ye. N. Sokolov, A. Yu. Teriokhina, S. B. Rebrik
Methods of multidimensional scaling have
been used to understand some characteristics of perceptual, mnemic,
and semantic images of complex spatial configurations made of points. Subjects'
representations of the geographic map have been also studied. It is shown that
semantic spaces constructed by means of multidimensional scaling procedures can
be a useful indicator of the level of instructedness.
191
A METHOD OF SELECTING SUBJECTS CAPABLE OF VISUALIZATION OF THE PROBLEM
SITUATION
V. I. Kapran, V. I. Ligatchiov, N. A. Yegoroushkina
A method is suggested to deal with a
rather urgent task of selecting people who can easily visualize the problem
situation and who can efficiently transform corresponding visual
representations. The primary task in developing the method consisted in
establishing the outward indicators of the mental visualization. Some general
mechanisms of visualization and of fixation of after-images stable in relation
to the retina have been found. Criteria for testing individual differences in
the efficiency of the representational thinking are suggested, as well as some
procedures helpful in promotion of the ability to visualize.
A METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF INTERPERSONAL
BEHAVIOR IN A PRIMARY COLLECTIVE
R. Ignyatovitch
Understanding causes of social-psychological
events which take place in primary collectives is an important task. Relations
between people comprise an important factor determining man's health and
efficiency. The procedure suggested can be effectively used for the purpose of
improvement and better control over different sorts of collectives.