The paper is an attempt at reconsidering the history of psychology from the perspective of a paradigm shift. The author argues that types of scientific rationality are the outcome of methodological crises, distinguishing the following stages in the development of psychology: 1) the preparadigmal stage, when psychology was developing within the context of philosophy; 2) classical rationality which marked itself by the claim that psychology was a separate science, as well as by the emergence of classical psychology, and which ended in the so-called open crisis; 3) non-classical rationality which saw the blossoming of psychological schools of the XX century incorporating a variety of scientific approaches; 4) post-non-classical rationality, the current stage characterized by critical scientific reflection, cross-disciplinary discourse, organization of knowledge on the basis of the grid principle and hermeneutic orientation of studies. The author also argues that modern cultural psychology is the basis for the post-non-classical paradigm in psychology.