Methodological analysis of philosophical and psychological principles, which V.V. Davydov placed in the foundation of his concept of theoretical thinking is presented. He proposed a new approach to a pupil as a personality possessing own motivation, own activity goals and own creativity. As a result V.V. Davydov's concept includes two directions: forming new level of theoretical thinking and generalization in mathematics and linguistics, and the development of creativity and social experiences in aesthetic activity.