The study carried out by the authors has shown heterogeneity of development of higher psychological functions in retarded children with post-natal pathology of the CNS with regard to inter-family relations. In particular, the majority of retarded children display a high level of voluntary attention and mental capacity within short time intervals. More than half of the children manifest a near normal level of short-term visual and auditory memory, mental activity. It has been established that a family conflict has a negative effect on development of higher psychological functions in senior preschoolers; besides, children with an average level of logical thinking are characterized by a higher level of social adaptability than children with a low level of that function.