In the early 1920-s the Soviet scientist and party functionary E.S. Enchmen (1891-1966) put forward an original conception which he called "a theory of new biology". Analysis proves that in its origin and content the "theory of new biology" is not so much a scientific or philosophical as an ideological phenomenon. In the context of the Soviet psychology of the 1920-s Enchmen's phenomenon should be regarded as a manifestation of the destructive effect of Marxist ideology on the psychological science.