Innovating scientific program on history of behavior was important stage in Vygotsky - Luria scientific school formation. The program was integrative and has united the notions of three fields of psychology (zoo-psychology, primeval psychology and child psychology). It enabled scientists to overcome generally accepted at the time K. Buhler's scheme ear-marking three stages of psychic development (instinct, skill, intelligence) and to discard the notion "behavior versus consciousness"; each of these categories was given new content.