A new scientific subject - behavioral science - has been developed by Russian scientists as an answer to logical demands of human organism cognition: different from psychology of consciousness, on the one hand, and from neuro-phisiology, on the other. Categorial apparatus was worked out by I. Sechenov, I. Pavlov, G. Bekhterev, L. Vygotsky, A. Ukhtomsky: inhibition, conditional reflex, reinforcement, signal, self-regulation, dominanta, orienting reflex, signal systems correlation, etc. These notiens reflect basic vital activity projected to phisiological picture of organism and to psychological one as well.