I. P. Pavlov's conditioned reflex concept's application in modern science concerning human and animal behaviour is discussed. Science Citation Index and two different selections of articles, published in psychological magazines, are analysed for that purpose. The analysis shows that I. P. Pavlov works' influence on the development of psychology has considerably diminished in recent years as compared to W. James' and Z. Freud's ones. P. G. Kostyuk et al. analysis (1983) of psychological studies' dinamics in USSR for the last 20 years contains the similar data. Only animal behaviour research still is under considerable influence of conditioned reflex theory. Some methological and social aspects of I. P. Pavlov's doctrine's applications are discussed.