Psychological-pedagogical principles of literature teaching in primary school as an aesthetic matter are considered. Authors' interpretation of the literary activity is based upon M. M. Bahtin's works. Primary schools object is to teach the children to act as a writer and as a reader, to assist them in mastering the main principles of artistic form. General tasks, methods and necessary organizational conditions enabling school to solve these problems are stated. Authors' notions were realized in experimental education. Its results show that such an education broadens children's literary ideas and makes easier their studies in secondary school.