Some constructive ideas contained in S. L. Rubinstein's scientific heritage, which can be used in Soviet school restructuring, are analized. In particular, his humanistic attitude towards personality is described. Contrary to prevailing tendencies of the time, S. L. Rubinstein studied the creative essence of a person as of a subject and not of a "screw". S. L. Rubinstein considered the principles of creative independent action, cooperation of a teacher and a pupil, individualization of teaching to be the foundation of educational system. He contended against erroneous views of some scientists and teachers of correlation between education and development, which resulted, in his opinion, in the loss of the notion of education.