Psychological problems of the children raised in the institutions of a boarding-school type are analysed. They are orphans, children from- the problem families and children belonging to minor nationalities of the North, whose parents by virtue of their traditional activities (hunting, deer-breeding etc.) have to leave their children in the villages. The deprivation of parental custody results in the situation of emotional troubles and in the formation of the feeling of estrangement in a child. The description of the emotional state of children deprived of parental custody and recommendations concerning their rehabilitation are given.