The article presents an original conception of the aesthetic upbringing, which is regarded not as the development of particular trades and gifts, but as the becoming of the integral personality under the influence of the aesthetic experience. The attention is mainly paid to the development of the special ("aesthetic"') attitude towards the reality, which is characterized by experiencing the non-utilitarian value of life and personal involvement in the surrounding world. This attitude is considered, on one hand, as the main term of the development of the artistic-creative abilities. It is shown, that 7--8-years-old children possess prerequisites for the aesthetic and artistic development, which die away with most of the people under the conditions of the present way of teaching, but may develop successfully, adequate teaching methods provided.