Different aspects of the professional-technical education, specificity of the present-day stage, concrete tasks set forth by the school reform, corresponding theoretical and applied problems are dwelt upon. Particularly the following problems are dealt with: theoretical (social-economical, psychological) justification of the necessary changes in the structure of education (of the new approach to the content, forms and methods of teaching, of the ideological-educational work, to the training and re-training of the teachers personnel); organizational problems (interrelations between specialized vocational training schools and enterprises, establishment of specialized laboratories and divisions within high schools and headquarters factories and plants); elaboration of general, unified requirements to the training of professional personnel; prediction of changes in the professional-qualification structure of labour, etc. A complex approach to consideration of the above problems is suggested. The necessity to develop principles of polytechnical education as the basis for professional training of a new type is underlined.