V. I. Lenin's theoretical approach to such social-psychological problems as activity and its motivation, place and role of socially determined activity in the development of personality, political consciousness and activity in the structure of personality, collectivism and leadership has been considered. V. I. Lenin's treatment of the above issues makes it possible to elaborate more deeply the tasks set forth by the XXVII-th Congress of the CPSU: reconstruction of the consciousness and activity, creation of the new man, development of individual and collective social activity, improvement of the leadership.