The author reviews participation of Soviet psychologists in the war against Hitlerite fascism: direct participation as Soviet army soldiers in the battle-field, and their scientific contribution to the war efforts which required from them to adapt their studies to the needs of the front. Basic lines of development of Soviet psychology during the war are particularly considered. Speaking in the final part of the article that today's efforts of Soviet psychologists are directed at urgent peaceful goals, the author stresses that Soviet psychologists are completely prepared to defend their Motherland in case of any emergency.