A few problems which evolved in practical work concerning development and application of automated teaching systems (ATS) are considered with particular emphasis on main trends in establishment of contacts between psychology and automated instruction. Some purely psychological aspects in the study of the following lines of using computers in education have been set forth: provision of adequate attitude to the computerization of the instructional work, comparative estimation of the efficiency of instruction with and without a computer, comparative estimation of the principles to be used in design of the data banks for ATS's, estimation of new dimensions in the teacher's behavior provided by the computer-mediated system of teacher-student interactions, statement of requirements to the organization of groups comprising ATS development engineers, programmers, teachers, didactics experts, and psychologists.