Developmental social psychology and educational social psychology have lately acquired relatively independent status within contemporary social psychology. Age-dependent peculiarities of development of activities and attitudes of a person in both direct and mediated communication - constitute subject-matter of the developmental (genetical) social psychology, while regularities of purposeful influence on the above processes - constitute subject-matter of the pedagogical social psychology. A social-psychological theory of the ontogenesis, comprising mechanisms of the "society - individual" interactions at the microenvironmental level (particularly in contact groups), is suggested. A number of urgent problems of education are considered from the suggested viewpoint.