A study of interpersonal relations as they develop in younger school-children under conditions of learning is described. It is shown that between children, girls and boys including, there appear multilateral meaningful relations. There develops a core of the class (a "leader group") which functions as a primary collective. The class becomes a referent group for the children in relation to values which are meaningful to them. Learning is just the activity within which there appears in younger schoolchildren and starts growing a new and socially useful activity of communication promoting further development of personality, and where the first grounds of the school collective find shape.