The article provides a concise review of general theoretical results of the scientific activities that have been going on in the Institute since the establishment of the Soviet State. The Institute's researchers (and among them such outstanding scientists as N.A. Bernstein, P.P. Blonsky, L.S. Vygotsky, A.V. Zaporozhets, A.N. Leontiev, A.R. Luria, S.L. Rubinstein, A.A. Smirnov, Â.Ì. Teplov and others) made significant contribution into theoretical and experimental elaboration of the fundamentals of Marxist psychology. Future lines of the Institute's scientific activity represent psychological ideas developed within different approaches formed on a common basis of Marxist methodology. A number of studies performed now in the Institute (in the field of general psychology, social psychology, developmental and educational psychology, psychophysiology, and psychology of management) seek to specify those ideas. The author describes also the content of the above studies as well as the primary problems the Institute will try to solve in the coming decades.